Hammerhead sharks are large carnivorous fish that prey on large fish and occasionally hammerhead sharks will hunt small water mammals. The smooth hammerhead is widespread in temperate and tropical waters, and is distinguished from other hammerhead sharks by the single notch in. The smooth hammerhead shark, sphyrna zygaena, is a cosmopolitan semipelagic shark captured as bycatch in pelagic oceanic. This research is the first initiative in the canary islands to collect scientific information of these particular shark species to help in their conservation. Inclusion of scalloped hammerhead shark, smooth hammerhead. It is found in tropical and warm temperate waters worldwide, inhabiting coastal areas and the continental shelf.
Trophic ecology of the hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena off the coast of northern peru. Pdf the smooth hammerhead sphyrna zygaena is the third most captured shark species in peru, a nation with one of the largest shark fisheries in the. Trophic ecology of the smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena off the coast of northern peru. Sphyrnidae hammerhead, bonnethead, or scoophead sharks genus. Pdf first record of the smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna. This species is named smooth hammerhead because of the distinctive shape of the head, which is flattened and laterally extended into a hammer shape called the cephalofoil, without an indentation in the middle of the front margin hence smooth. The smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena is known to display a high degree of site fidelity to specific areas along the south african coastline.
An easily recognized large hammerhead with a broad, narrowbladed head, anterior margin of head broadly arched in adults and without a median indentation at any stage, teeth with very broad cusps and smooth to weakly serrated edge, moderately falcate first dorsal fin with free rear tip in front of pelvic origins, low second dorsal fin with weakly concave. The template for the test experiment is the dna of the p. The mitochondrial genome of the hammerhead sphyrna zygaena article pdf available in mitochondrial dna 273. Sphyrna zygaena, and the scalloped hammerhead shark s. This species is vulnerable as they are in danger of overfishing and the destruction of their natural habitat. Nondetriment finding for hammerhead sharks, sphyrna spp. Nondetriment finding ndf of sri lanka for hammerhead. The smooth hammerhead sphyrna zygaena is a species of hammerhead shark, and part of the family sphyrnidae. Hammerhead sharks offer a unique opportunity to study form and function through phylogeny. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. An zygaena in nahilalakip ha familia nga zygaenidae. From 1984 to 2009, 641 scalloped hammerheads sphyrna lewini, 1 342 smooth hammerheads sphyrna zygaena and 1 352 unspecified hammerheads sphyrna spp. The most distinguishing characteristic of this shark, as in all hammerheads, is the hammer.
Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Population genetic divergence as consequence of past range. Maryland biodiversity project smooth hammerhead shark. Size at first maturity was determined for females and males of smooth hammerhead shark, sphyrna zygaena captured in the gulf of california during 19952000. These species are the pelagic and semi pelagic sharks most threatened worldwide. The first of these, in particular, might stray as far as cape cod, as many tropical fishes do, for it has. Sphyrna from the greek word hammer is a genus of hammerhead sharks with a cosmopolitan distribution in the worlds oceans. In the northwest and central west atlantic, where s. Sphyrna zygaena definition of sphyrna zygaena by the free. Ninety four scalloped hammerhead sharks, sphyrna lewini 53 females and 41 males ranging in size from 121 to 321 cm total length tl, were collected from surface gillnetters operating off northeastern brazil and throughout the southwestern equatorial atlantic ocean between january and december 1996. Noaas historical merged landocean surface temperature analysis 1880.
Abstract the smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena is one of most captured. Two other large sharks closely related to the common hammerhead, the tropical hammerhead sphyrna lewini griffith, 1834 and the great hammerhead sphyrna mokarran ruppell, 1835 occur along the south atlantic coast of the united states. The species and origin of shark fins in taiwans fishing ports. The smalleye hammerhead sphyrna tudes, also called the golden hammerhead or curry shark, is a small species of hammerhead shark, belonging to the family sphyrnidae. Head broadly arched and hammershaped, lacking indentation at midline smooth pelvic fins with straight to slightly concave rear margins. Table 1 lists the primer sequences and the amplification efficiencies of all primer pairs are assumed. Sphyrna zygaena synonyms, sphyrna zygaena pronunciation, sphyrna zygaena translation, english dictionary definition of sphyrna zygaena. The smooth hammerhead is widespread in temperate and tropical waters, and is distinguished from other hammerhead sharks by the single notch in the centre of its hammershaped head. First record of the smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena. Smooth hammerhead sharks sphyrna zygaena observed off the. Trophic ecology of the smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna.
Abstract trophic ecology of the smooth hammerhead shark. The smooth hammerhead shark, sphyrna zygaena, is a pelagic shark occasionally captured as bycatch by industrial pelagic longline fleets in the atlantic ocean. The smooth hammerhead shares much of its range with the scalloped hammerhead sphyrna lewini which has a distinct cleft in the centre of the leading edge of its hammer. The great hammerhead sphyrna mokarran has a much straighter leading edge to its hammer, proportionately taller dorsal fin, and larger terminal size. The word sphyrna is a greek word meaning hammer, which refers to the shape of the sharks head. Click on an image to have it open full size in a new window. The smooth hammerhead, sphyrna zygaena, is listed as vulnerable on the iucn red list of threatened species.
Mangel1,6 pepe espinoza2,7 email address for contact author. Trophic ecology of the smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena off the coast of northern peru adriana gonzalezpestana contact author1,2,3 nicolas acunaperales1,4 javier coasacacespedes1,2 francisco cordovazavaleta1,5 joanna alfaroshigueto1,2,6 jeffrey c. Sphyrna zygaena fossil shark mouse over a fossil for a slightly enlarged view of the specimen and to show collector info. The smooth hammerhead shark, sphyrna zygaena, is a cosmopolitan semipelagic shark captured as bycatch in pelagic oceanic fisheries, especially pelagic longlines targeting swordfish andor tunas. Dusky colouring beneath the tips of the pectoral fins. Molecular species identification and spatiotemporal. Wildscreens arkive project was launched in 2003 and grew to become the worlds biggest encyclopaedia of life on earth. Sphyrna zygaena linnaeus, 1758 scientific synonyms and common names sphyrna zygaena linnaeus, 1758 synonyms. The relationship between form and function is often used to elucidate the biological role of a structure. In the meantime, please consult other species distribution map providers listed in.
Sphyrna zyagena linnaeus, 1758 spyrna zygaena linnaeus, 1758 squalis pictus blainville, 1816 squalus carolinensis blainville, 1816 squalus malleus valenciennes, 1822 squalus zygaena linnaeus, 1758 zygaena malleus valenciennes, 1822 zygaena subarcuata storer, 1848 zygaena vulgaris cloquet, 1830 homonyms sphyrna zygaena linnaeus, 1758. Common hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena linnaeus, 1758. Data for this study were collected by fishery observers, between 2003 and 2016. Animalia phylum chordata class chondrichthyes order carcharhiniformes family sphyrnidae genus sphyrna. Description, classification, synonyms, distribution map, bibliography and images of sphyrna zygaena smooth hammerhead. A common regression for tl and eviscerated weight ew was calculated as, log ew. All 4 biological replicates that were sampled have been included in the experiment. Since 2005, it was decided to combine all the shark catches instead of reporting specieswise data since there was a very. Trophic ecology of the smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena off the coast of northern peru july 2017 fishery bulletin national oceanic and atmospheric administration adriana gonzalez pestana.
Pdf the smooth hammerhead shark, sphyrna zygaena, occurs in warm temperate waters around the northern north island of new zealand. From 2012 to 2016, eight smooth hammerheads were tagged with popup satellite archival tags in the intertropical region of the northeast atlantic ocean, with successful transmissions received from. Sphyrna zygaena linnaeus, 1758 squalus zygaena linnaeus, 1758, syst. Pdf a smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena was found in saint peter and saint paul archipelago in may 2015. Color deep olive to brownishgray above, shading to white below. Highly directional swimming by scalloped hammerhead sharks, sphyrna lewini, and subsurface irradiance. One of these species, the smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena displays a high degree of site fidelity to mossel bay as evidenced by the rise in the number of neonate and juvenile hammerheads during the summer season.
The scalloped hammerhead sphyrna lewini is a species of hammerhead shark, and part of the family sphyrnidae. Hammerhead shark research is a project that studies the unknown species of hammerhead sharks sphyrna spp. Pdf the mitochondrial genome of the hammerhead sphyrna zygaena. Smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena status in nsw. Ginklasipika han iucn an species komo nangangaratan.
We report the first mitogenome sequences of the circumglobally distributed, highly mobile, smooth hammerhead shark, sphyrna zygaena, from the eastern and western atlantic. The great hammerhead sphyrna mokarran is the largest species of hammerhead shark, belonging to the family sphyrnidae, attaining a maximum length of 6. Sphyrna zygaena non linnaeus, 1758 an sphyrna mokarran in uska species han elasmobranchii nga syahan ginhulagway ni ruppell hadton 1837. Rediscovery of bonnethead shark sphyrna tiburo after more. Conservation status of new zealand chondrichthyans chimaeras, sharks and rays, 2016 pdf. An sphyrna mokarran in nahilalakip ha genus nga sphyrna, ngan familia nga sphyrnidae. Distribution patterns and indicators of the smooth. The winghead shark eusphyra blochii is a species of hammerhead shark, and part of the family sphyrnidae. Request pdf population genetic divergence as consequence of past range expansion of the smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena. Fifteenth meeting of the conference of the parties online pdf. Age and growth of the smooth hammerhead shark, sphyrna zygaena, in the eastern equatorial atlantic ocean, using vertebral sections. The evolutionary origin of the complement system can be traced back to the common ancestor of eumetazoa multicellular animals excluding the sponges, and the genes for the central component c3, factor b fb which is the serine protease responsible for c3 activation, and masp mannanbinding lectinassociated serine protease possibly involved in fb activation have been identified in a sea. Abstract great hammerhead sharks sphyrna mokarran are the largest.
This page was last edited on 18 december 2019, at 15. Pdf size at maturity of the smooth hammerhead shark. A large hammerhead with a broad, narrowbladed head, anterior margin of head very broadly arched in adults and with a prominent median indentation, teeth with moderately broad cusps and smooth to weakly serrated edges, moderately falcate first dorsal fin with origin over or behind pectoral insertions and free rear tip in front of pelvic origins, low second dorsal fin with weakly. Aspects of reproductive biology of the scalloped hammerhead. Currently, the genus sphyrna is composed by nine species, with six of them occurring in brazilian waters. Topologies of the phylogenetic trees used to construct the composite phylogeny. The populations of sphyrna lemini and sphyrna mokarran are listed on the iucn red list as endangered worldwide. Migrations and habitat use of the smooth hammerhead shark. The determinants of sexual segregation in the scalloped hammerhead shark, sphyrna lewini.
The smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena can be distinguished from other species of hammerheads species by its wide and smooth cephalofoil, or hammer head, with a distinct notch at each end near the eye. Originally known as zygaena lewini, its genus name was later changed to its current name. The smooth hammerhead sphyrna zygaena is a species of hammerhead shark, and part of. Description, classification, synonyms, distribution map and images of sphyrna zygaena smooth hammerhead. Smooth hammerhead shark spyrna zygaena pictures and information.
Hammerhead sharks are appropriately named after their flat shaped heads. Information and translations of sphyrna zygaena in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Pdf habitat suitability of juvenile smooth hammerhead shark. Resource use of great hammerhead sharks sphyrna mokarran off. With the help of over 7,000 of the worlds best wildlife filmmakers and photographers, conservationists and scientists, featured multimedia factfiles for more than 16,000 endangered species. Jan 08, 2018 smooth hammerhead sphyrna zygaena size. Despite its worldwide distribution and vulnerable status, knowledge on the biology and ecology of the smooth hammerhead sphyrna zygaena in the temperate ne atlantic is very scarce. Sphyrna media, sphyrna mokarran, sphyrna tiburo, sphyrna tudes, sphyrna lewini, s. First observations of feeding on thresher alopias vulpinus and hammerhead sphyrna zygaena sharks by killer whales orcinus orca, which specialise on elasmobranchs as prey.
This page was last edited on 16 december 2019, at 18. Sphyrna is one of the two genera in the hammerhead shark group, and is the largest genera out of the two, with eight members in it. A total of 30 degs were selected for quantitative rtpcr validation. A phylogenetic supertree of the hammerhead sharks zoological. Sphyrna simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Distribution patterns and habitat use of the smooth. Pdf trophic ecology of the smooth hammerhead shark sphyrna. Status in world register of marine species accepted name.
Olive to dark greyish above and white in colour below. Sequencingbased network analysis provides a core set of. The complement system of elasmobranches revealed by liver. Sphyrna zygaena smooth hammerhead species is classified by iucn as globally vulnerable maguire et al. This species is common in the shallow coastal waters of the western atlantic ocean, from venezuela to uruguay. Picture 2 of 5 hammerhead shark sphyrna zygaena pictures. Learn how to pronounce sphyrna zygaena and more about the sphyrna zygaena word at. Prefers to feed on small sharks, skates and stingrays, but also preys on bony fishes, shrimps, crabs. Coastal, pelagic, and semioceanic, but often bottom associated at 19 m ref. The mitochondrial genome of the hammerhead sphyrna zygaena.
Datasets analyzed included information on catches per unit effort cpue, size and sex of smooth hammerhead sharks bycaught by the portuguese pelagic longline. Sphyrna zygaena linnaeus, 1758 original combination. The smooth hammerhead shark, sphyrna zygaena, is a cosmopolitan pelagic shark mostly captured as bycatch by industrial longline fleets targeting swordfish in the intertropical atlantic ocean. Sphyrna zygaena in the atlantic ocean and mediterranean sea source. Sphyrna zygaena fished for the hides and vitaminrich liver smooth hammerhead hammerhead shark, hammerhead mediumsized livebearing shark with. Pdf distribution and movements of scalloped hammerheads.
Sphyrna zygaena shark fossils from the epoch, page 1. Sphyrna lewini iucn red list status endangered great hammerhead sphyrna mokarran iucn red list status endangered smooth hammerhead sphyrna zygaena iucn red list status vulnerable conclusion the scalloped hammerhead, with the lookalike species great and smooth hammerheads, were proposed for inclusion on cites appendix ii in 2010. Members of sphyrna have a tendency to inhabit coastal waters along the intertidal zone rather than the open ocean, as their prey items such as invertebrates, fish, rays, small crustaceans and other benthic organisms hiding in the sands and sediment along these zones. Members of sphyrna have a tendency to inhabit coastal waters along the intertidal zone rather than the open ocean, as their prey items such as invertebrates, fish, rays, small crustaceans and other benthic organisms hiding in the sands and sediment along. Sequencingbased network analysis provides a core set of gene resource for understanding kidney immune response against edwardsiella tarda infection in japanese flounder author links open overlay panel xiumei liu a 1 zan li a 1 wenzhao wu c yuxiang liu a jinxiang liu a yan he a xubo wang a zhigang wang a jie qi a haiyang yu a quanqi zhang a b. The greek word sphyrna translates into hammer in english, referring to the shape of this sharks head.
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