His message was distributed through music cassettes, which were smuggled into iran in small numbers, and then duplicated, and spread all around the country. Strikes began in irans oil fields in the autumn 1978 and by january 1979, crude oil production declined by 4. The causes of the revolution 19 revolution can be defined as the collapse of the political order and its replacement by a new one. Jan 29, 2009 the revolution of february 1979 was a revolt of the society against the state. Religious elements of the 1979 islamic revolution september 30, 20 this case study investigates the social, economic, and political dynamics of 1970s iran that led the iranian people to accept, and then maintain, religion as the basis of a new political system after deposing mohammad reza shah pahlavi in 1979. The iranian revolution 19771979 international center on. The iranian revolution was the 1979 revolution that transformed iran from an autocratic prowest monarchy under shah mohammad reza pahlavi to an islamic, theocratic democracy under the rule of ayatollah khomeini. After attending graduate school, she plans on pursuing a career in public education. The 1979 islamic revolution in iran has proved one of the most consequential events in the history of modern terrorism.
A repressive theocracy had replaced an authoritarian monarchy. In november 1979 students stormed that american embassy in tehran in protest at america allowing the shah into the country for medical treatment. From september 1978 to february 1979, in the course of a massive urban revolution with millions of participants, the iranian people toppled the regime of muhammad reza shah pahlavi 19411979, which had pursued a highly authoritarian program of economic and cultural modernization. In 197879, in the course of a massive urban revolution with several million participants, the iranian people toppled the government of mohammad reza shah pahlavi r.
Its true that ayatollah khomeini was the leading opposition personality. Nov 25, 2019 heres a brief history of the iranian revolution of 1979, in which islamic clerics overthrew shah pahlavi and established the islamic republic of iran. The iranian revolution a history and analysis of the revolution in which socialists aligned themselves with islamists to overthrow the westbacked shah. Mar 10, 2015 iranian revolution the iranian revolution is considered the 3rd greatest revolution in history. This dissertation will analyze and contend that the islamic republic of iran after the 1979 revolution can provide stability in the gulf region. Revisiting foucault and the iranian revolution new politics. The revolution led to a surge in iranianbacked terrorism that continues, albeit in quite different forms, to this day. By looking at the historical, domestic, international, and socioeconomic factors related to the revolution, this case study examines the turbulent context of iranian society in the 1970s and the crucial role that religion played in shaping modern iran. Celebrating its 35th anniversary, irans islamic revolution shocked the world and redrew the map of global alliances.
Iranian revolution refers to the popular movement in iran 1979 to overthrow a prowestern monarchy and establish an islamic republic. Iranian revolution how is the islamic revolution connected. Iranian armed forces to quash the islamic revolution. The iranian revolution opened a new chapter in the history of mass popular revolutions in the world. The iranian revolution, past, present and future iran chamber. Pdf this paper intends to explore the role and key contributions that ayatollah. The 1979 iranian revolutions enduring impact on the world. Mar 27, 2020 suzanne maloney, editor of the new brookings press volume the iranian revolution at forty, discusses the enduring significance of the 1979 iranian revolution with brookings press director bill.
However, the causes of revolutionary discontent can be traced back decades, and must first be analyzed. Summary of 1979 islamic revolution for dummies the iranian. At the first signs of escalating unrest in early 1978, neither iranian nor u. Panelists reflect on the events that unfolded during the iranian revolution in 1979, how the united states responded, and the consequences for today. As a result of the iranian revolution, iran became an islamic republic. The iranian revolution occurred between 1977 and 1979, beginning with a series of demonstrations and ending with the overthrow of the shah. If you have access to a journal via a society or association membership, please browse to your society journal, select an article to view, and follow the instructions in this box. Nevertheless, for the iranian world the advent of islam meant not liberation but defeat and conquest by an alien people. Here is an overview of the events that led up to the iranian revolution, as well as the events in the revolution and the aftermath. The iranian revolution kent as the islamic revolution or 1979 revolution an aw. Prior to this event, the united states had excessive power over the iranian government. On february 9th, 1979, million of iranians came on to the streets of teheran to welcome the return of the religious leader ayatollah.
The 1979 iranian revolution council on foreign relations. Before the revolution western and secular influences on iranian society before the revolution. The role and contribution of ayatollah ruhollah khomeini. The safavid dynasty ruled iran until 1722, when an afghan army invaded the country and captured isfahan. Iranian revolution, also called islamic revolution, persian enqelabe eslami, popular uprising in iran in 197879 that resulted in the toppling of the monarchy on february 11, 1979, and led to the establishment of an islamic republic. Access to society journal content varies across our titles. Iranian revolution, also known as the islamic revolution, is a momentous development in the modern history of islam. Forty years ago, ayatollah ruhollah khomeini spearheaded a revolution that deposed a monarchy in iran.
The iranian peoples revolution is only a point in the start of the revolution of the great world of islam. He helped overthrow the much hated regime of the shah. The iranian revolution of 19781979 violently e nded the monarchy of shah mohammed reza pahlavi 19191980 and replaced it with an islamic republic, the theocracy of ayatollah ruhollah. When i was designing this unit, i thought back on when i first learned about iran. This concise but informative history chronicles how the iranian revolution of 1979 transformed iran from a monarchy to a fundamentalist islamic republic. Michel foucault and the culture of the iranian revolution, 19781979 janet afary. Iran islamic republic ofs constitution of 1979 with. Suzanne maloney, editor of the new brookings press volume the iranian revolution at forty, discusses the enduring significance of the 1979 iranian revolution with brookings press director bill. The iranian revolution of 1979 has been described as one of the epochal. And the end goal of the revolution was never a state, it was the expansion of the revolution. James buchan read persian at oxford university and in isfahan in the 1970s and was for many years. Sep 18, 2006 this is a clip from a documentary titled crisis in iran by the history channel with mike wallace. Feb 11, 2019 forty years ago, ayatollah ruhollah khomeini spearheaded a revolution that deposed a monarchy in iran.
Reza shah, the elder pahlavi, came to power during the 1920s after promoting the idea of 2,500 years of persian monarchy mohammadi 38. Chapter 2 focuses on the social, political and economic status of iran, pre and post revolution, and highlights the contrasts between the two. The iranian revolution narrative is typically presented to the public and students as a revolution led by islamic radicals to overthrow the evil shah. The 1979 revolution was a characteristically iranian revolution a revolution by the whole society against the state in which various ideologies were represented, the most dominant being those with islamic tendencies islamist, marxistislamic and democraticislamic and marxistleninist tendencies fadai, tudeh, maoist, trotskyist, and others. The iranian revolution and its legacy of terrorism lawfare. Heres a brief history of the iranian revolution of 1979, in which islamic clerics overthrew shah pahlavi and established the islamic republic of iran.
Brief background information explains the underpinnings of the revolution and basic facts about islam. Theses on the iranian revolution fred halliday, 1979. Mar 05, 2019 the iranian revolution sparked the worlds second oil shock in five years. It is the story of two villains making life difficult. The iranian revolution of 1979, as all historical revolutions, did not happen in a day. My brother of 17yo was in shahs jail for having read three books. Irans islamic revolution after the overthrow of the shah, an american ally became one of its biggest. A number of factors contributed to the failure of the. Brief background information explains the underpinnings of the revolution and basic facts about islam, including the differences between shiite and sunni sects. The iranian revolution of february 1979 middle east institute. Following the success of the revolution, the islamists instituted a theocratic dictatorship and wiped out the workers movement and the left. However, its important to remember that the iranian revolution itself was more than a religious uprising.
In the iranian revolution of 1979, ayatollah sayyid ruhollah musavi khomeini ousted mohammad reza pahlavi, who succeeded his father as shah of iran in the early 1950s. The iranian revolution of february 1979 middle east. In simple terms, the regime of muhammad reza shah pahlavi was overthrown by a coalition of opposition forces dominated by shii muslim fundamentalists. The iranian revolution past, present and future glittering achievements, the sassanid empire was characterised by extreme oppression of the downtrodden masses. Background to the revolution shah reza pahlevi, returning to iran after a weeklong exile due to the failled mohamed mossadegh coup detat. Shockingly, i was first introduced to iran in the dc comics batman series, a death in the family, in 1988. The iranian revolution of 197779 was the first in a series of mass popular civil insurrections which would result in the overthrow of authoritarian regimes in dozens of countries over the next three decades. Pdf this paper intends to explore the role and key contributions that ayatollah ruhollah played in the iranian revolution. A history and analysis of the revolution in which socialists aligned themselves with islamists to overthrow the westbacked. From october of 1977 to february of 1979, the people of iran called for the end of the monarchy but they didnt necessarily agree on what should replace it. Iranian revolution 1979 religious based revolution ayatollah a title of a religious leader khomeini descendant of the house of husayn judaism adonai yahweh torah written by prophets islam allah mecca mohammad visited by gabriel gave him the word of allah spoke in arabic lived in mecca quran koran written in arabic the literal word of god christianity. The rise and fall of the iranian revolution of 1979 nodo50. Ruhollah khomeini returned from exile to lead the new islamic republic. This western influence led to antiamerican sentiment in iran.
Iran is an important test case firstly because until the revolution, iran was one of three key prowestern strongholds in the middle east necessary for suppressing local worker demands and keeping oil production cheap the others being israel and saudi arabia. The revolution led to a surge in iranian backed terrorism that continues, albeit in quite different forms, to this day. Sep 07, 2006 so we will look at what happened during the iranian revolution of 1978 1979. So we will look at what happened during the iranian revolution of 19781979. The most notable iranian revolution occurred due to the paralysed and corrupt mohammad reza shah pahlavi regime that violently imposed cultural colonialism on the iranian people through clerical establishment, and he was the leader of iran before the 1979 iranian revolution hinkson 201. Religion and diplomacy emma dambek emma dambek is a junior history major from decorah, iowa.
The specific case of the iranian american immigrant cannot be understood without background knowledge of the events that transpired before, during and after the 1979 revolution. Two of those books were from the azari poet samad behrangi. Less noticed, but equally significant, the revolution provoked a response by saudi arabia and various sunni militant groups that set the stage for the rise. Iranian revolution the iranian revolution is considered the 3rd greatest revolution in history. The year that shaped the modern middle east new york. Mar 25, 2020 iranian revolution, also called islamic revolution, persian enqelabe eslami, popular uprising in iran in 197879 that resulted in the toppling of the monarchy on february 11, 1979, and led to the establishment of an islamic republic. This is a clip from a documentary titled crisis in iran by the history channel with mike wallace. Jun 18, 2019 the revolution was mostly nonviolent, although there were incidents of armed struggle.
The 21 and 22 of bahman 57 12 and february 1979 were the days of the collapse of the monarchic system when domestic tyranny, and the foreign dominance that relied on it, were crushed. The iranian revolution of 1979 was many years in the making. Reza shah, the elder pahlavi, came to power during the 1920s after promoting the idea of. The shah fled into exile in january 1979 and exiled cleric ayatollah. What irans 1979 revolution meant for us and global oil markets. The complete persepolis by marjane satrapi, persepolis. The organs of the iranian state serve the revolution, not the other way around. February 2004 marked the twentyfifth anniversary of the iranian revolution. In some of its basic characteristics, the revolution did not conform to the usual norms of western revolutions, because the state did not represent just an ordinary dictatorship but an absolute and arbitrary system that lacked political legitimacy and a social base virtually across the whole of the society. The story of a childhood by marjane satrapi, the septembers. Causes and consequences for regional stability leicester university dissertation.
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